How healthy is Germany?

  • 81years is how long people live, on averageUnited Nations Population Division, 2023
  • 3.7in 1,000 children die before they are fiveUN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, 2024
  • 518thousand new cancers in 2023, by estimate (about 517,800)Robert Koch-Institut, 2023
Health careHealth care in Germany$6,975 spent on health for each person in 2024 (6,444 euros)Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), press release 115, 2 April 2026

Cancer

How common is cancer in Germany?

About 517,800 new cancers were found in 2023, by estimate. 228,800 people died of cancer in 2025, by count.

2023New cancers, estimated

517,800 new cancers in 2023, by estimate

Prostate cancer, men: 79,610; breast cancer, women: 75,090. New cancers in 2023, estimated
  • 79,610Prostate cancer, men
  • 75,090Breast cancer, women

Source: Robert Koch-Institut and Deutsche Krebsregister e. V., Krebs in Deutschland für 2021 – 2023 (Cancer in Germany), 2025; Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), the Federal Statistical Office, press release 363, 9 October 2026

More on cancer in Germany
See the details

Cancer in Germany

Estimated

About 517,800 new cancers were found in 2023, by estimate. 228,800 people died of cancer in 2025, by count.

New cancers in 2023, estimated

  • Prostate cancer, men79,610
  • Breast cancer, women75,090
More on cancer in GermanyWhich cancers, how many live, how early it is found, and the care

Robert Koch-Institut and Deutsche Krebsregister e. V., Krebs in Deutschland für 2021 – 2023 (Cancer in Germany), 2025; Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), the Federal Statistical Office, press release 363, 9 October 2026

The publisher lets this be reused with credit (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0). The office lets its figures be reused with the source named.

About this figure

The number of new cancers is the estimate of Germany's cancer data centre, and leaves out common skin cancer. The deaths are counted from death certificates, and printed rounded to the hundred.

The cancer page gives the sources in full.

Sources: Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten at the Robert Koch-Institut, with Deutsche Krebsregister e. V., Krebs in Deutschland für 2021 – 2023 (Cancer in Germany), 2025, pages 17 and 20 of the file. Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), the Federal Statistical Office, Pressemitteilung Nr. 363 (press release 363), read 11 October 2026.

Health care

Are children vaccinated against measles?

78 in 100 children had their second measles dose by age two. By age six, 92 in 100 had.

Second measles dose by age two

78 in 100 children had their second measles dose by age two

Second dose by age two (born 2022): 78 in 100, the fewest. Children with the measles vaccine, in every 100
  • 87First dose by 15 months (born 2022)
  • 78Second dose by age two (born 2022)
  • 92Second dose by age six (born 2018)

Source: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologisches Bulletin (the institute's weekly report) 50/2025, 11 December 2025

See the details

Measles vaccination in Germany

Counted

78 in 100 children had their second measles dose by age two. By age six, 92 in 100 had.

Children with the measles vaccine, in every 100

  • First dose by 15 months (born 2022)87 in 100
  • Second dose by age two (born 2022)78 in 100
  • Second dose by age six (born 2018)92 in 100
  • Saxony, second dose by age twoBorn 202255 in 100
  • Schleswig-Holstein, second dose by age twoBorn 202284 in 100

Cross-checkGermany's own figures: 78 in 100 at age two (born 2022); 92 in 100 at age six (born 2018)World Health Organization and UNICEF estimate: 92 in 100 given a second dose, 2024

Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologisches Bulletin (the institute's weekly report) 50/2025, 11 December 2025

The publisher lets this be reused with credit (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0).

The law: proof of measles vaccination

A law requiring proof of measles vaccination came into force on 1 March 2020. The fine for breaking it can be up to 2,500 euros.

Who must show proof, and what follows without it, are not on this page yet: they have been read once, and Dooram reads everything twice.

Sources: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health), Fragen und Antworten zum Masernschutzgesetz (questions and answers on the measles protection law), read 11 October 2026. Bundesministerium der Justiz (Federal Ministry of Justice), gesetze-im-internet.de, Infektionsschutzgesetz, § 73 (Infection Protection Act, section 73), read 11 October 2026.

About this figure

Three ages and two groups of children: the first two bars are children born in 2022, the third is children born in 2018.

The share with a second dose by age two has not yet got back to its highest, 80 in 100 in 2021. Among the states it runs from 55 in 100 in Saxony to 84 in Schleswig-Holstein. No source Dooram read says why, so Dooram does not say why either.

At school entry in 2023, 97 in 100 children who showed a vaccination card had the second dose. Counting a child with no card as not vaccinated, it is 92 in 100.

The worldwide estimate matches Germany's figure at age six, not at age two. Dooram leads with the country's own; the worldwide estimate is the one its grade uses, because it is made the same way for every country.

Sources: Robert Koch-Institut, Germany's federal institute for public health, Epidemiologisches Bulletin 50/2025 (the institute's weekly report), pages 5, 7, 8 and 10 of the file, read 11 October 2026. World Health Organization and UNICEF, United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database, read 11 October 2026.

Health care

Do teenagers get the HPV vaccine?

At 15, 55 in 100 girls and 36 in 100 boys were fully vaccinated against HPV in 2024.

2024HPV vaccination at 15

55 in 100 girls were fully vaccinated against HPV at 15, and 36 in 100 boys

Girls, fully vaccinated: 55 in 100. Fifteen-year-olds vaccinated against HPV, in every 100, 2024

In every 100

  • Girls, first dose: 68 in 100
  • Girls, fully vaccinated: 55 in 100
  • Boys, first dose: 49 in 100
  • Boys, fully vaccinated: 36 in 100

Source: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologisches Bulletin (the institute's weekly report) 50/2025, 11 December 2025

See the details

HPV vaccination for girls and boys in Germany

Counted

At 15, 55 in 100 girls and 36 in 100 boys were fully vaccinated against HPV in 2024.

Fifteen-year-olds vaccinated against HPV, in every 100, 2024

  • Girls, first dose68 in 100
  • Girls, fully vaccinated55 in 100
  • Boys, first dose49 in 100
  • Boys, fully vaccinated36 in 100

Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologisches Bulletin (the institute's weekly report) 50/2025, 11 December 2025

The publisher lets this be reused with credit (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0).

About this figure

HPV is the human papillomavirus, a cause of cancer of the cervix.

These are children born in 2009. The share of girls fully vaccinated has stood still since 2022; for boys it rose by 2 points in a year.

From district to district, between 26 and 75 in 100 girls aged 15 are vaccinated.

Source: Robert Koch-Institut, Germany's federal institute for public health, Epidemiologisches Bulletin 50/2025 (the institute's weekly report), pages 5, 7 and 10 of the file, read 11 October 2026.

Health care

Do older people have the flu vaccine?

34 in 100 people aged 60 and over had the flu vaccine in the 2024/25 season, the lowest since reporting began in 2008/09.

Flu vaccine at 60 and over

34 in 100 people aged 60 and over had the flu vaccine in the 2024/25 season

Saxony-Anhalt is highest of all 16 states, at 51.5 in 100; Baden-Württemberg lowest, at 20.4 in 100. Germany: 34.5 in 100. People aged 60 and over with the flu vaccine, season 2024/25, in every 100

Baden-Württemberg: 20.4 in 100Bavaria: 25.7 in 100Berlin: 44.8 in 100Brandenburg: 48.6 in 100Bremen: 39.4 in 100Hamburg: 32.6 in 100Hesse: 31.4 in 100Lower Saxony: 42.8 in 100Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: 45.5 in 100North Rhine-Westphalia: 33.9 in 100Rhineland-Palatinate: 35.4 in 100Saarland: 33.5 in 100Saxony: 42.2 in 100Saxony-Anhalt: 51.5 in 100Schleswig-Holstein: 42.9 in 100Thuringia: 41.0 in 100

Tap a state to read it.

Figures: Robert Koch-Institut. Map: Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; shapes simplified by Dooram.

Source: Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologisches Bulletin (the institute's weekly report) 50/2025; its open file of health measures, season 2024/25

See the details

Flu vaccination at 60 and over in Germany

Counted

34 in 100 people aged 60 and over had the flu vaccine in the 2024/25 season, the lowest since reporting began in 2008/09.

People aged 60 and over with the flu vaccine, in every 100

  • Germany, season 2023/2438.1 in 100
  • Germany, season 2024/2534.5 in 100
  • Saxony-Anhalt, 2024/2551.5 in 100
  • Baden-Württemberg, 2024/2520.4 in 100

Robert Koch-Institut, Epidemiologisches Bulletin (the institute's weekly report) 50/2025; its open file of health measures, season 2024/25

The publisher lets this be reused with credit (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0).

About this figure

The institute's weekly report prints 34 in 100 and says it fell by 4 points in a year. Its open file prints the same figure as 34.5; the bars are drawn from the file.

Two states are shown because they were read twice. The file has all 16.

Sources: Robert Koch-Institut, Germany's federal institute for public health, Epidemiologisches Bulletin 50/2025 (the institute's weekly report), pages 8 and 9 of the file, read 11 October 2026. Robert Koch-Institut, Gesundheitsberichterstattung: Daten zu nichtübertragbaren Erkrankungen (health reporting: data on illnesses that do not spread), measure 3010102, read 11 October 2026.

Health care

Do women go for breast screening?

52 in 100 women invited for breast screening took part in 2023.

2023Breast screening take-up

52 in 100 women invited for breast screening took part

52.1 in 100 women invited for breast screening took part. Women aged 50 to 69 invited in 2023 who took part
  • 52.1 in 100Women aged 50 to 69 invited in 2023 who took part
  • The rest: 47.9

Source: Kooperationsgemeinschaft Mammographie (the body that runs the breast screening programme), Jahresbericht Evaluation 2023 (evaluation report for 2023)

See the details

Breast cancer screening take-up in Germany

Counted

52 in 100 women invited for breast screening took part in 2023.

Women aged 50 to 69 invited in 2023 who took part

3,075,861 of 5,899,373 invited women: 52.1 in 100.

Kooperationsgemeinschaft Mammographie (the body that runs the breast screening programme), Jahresbericht Evaluation 2023 (evaluation report for 2023)

About this figure

In 2023 women aged 50 to 69 were invited. Since 1 July 2024 the programme invites women aged 50 to 75, so this figure is for the earlier rule.

The count includes women who asked for an appointment themselves.

Taking part in one year is not the same as ever having been screened.

Source: Kooperationsgemeinschaft Mammographie (the body that runs the breast screening programme), Jahresbericht Evaluation 2023 (evaluation report for 2023), 2025, pages 6, 13 and 44 of the file.

Health care

How does health care work in Germany?

Everyone living in Germany must have health insurance. About 9 in 10 are in statutory health insurance, 74,512,362 people in 2025 on average; about 8.7 million had full private insurance in 2024. Workers and employers share a contribution set by law, and the federal government adds a subsidy.

2025In statutory health insurance

74,512,362 people were in statutory health insurance in 2025, on average; about 8.7 million were insured privately in 2024

The biggest group: statutory health insurance, 74.5 million people. People with health insurance, in millions
  • Statutory health insurance, 202574.5 million
  • Full private insurance, 20248.7 million

Source: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, KM1 yearly average 2025

How health care works in Germany
See the details

How health care works in Germany

Counted

Everyone living in Germany must have health insurance. About 9 in 10 are in statutory health insurance, 74,512,362 people in 2025 on average; about 8.7 million had full private insurance in 2024. Workers and employers share a contribution set by law, and the federal government adds a subsidy.

People with health insurance, in millions

  • Statutory health insurance, 202574.5 million
  • Full private insurance, 20248.7 million
How health care works in Germany

Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, KM1 yearly average 2025

About this figure

The statutory count is the health ministry's yearly average for 2025, read again in its final accounts for 2025 and in the statutory insurers' association's key figures (74.51 million). The private count is the private insurers' association's own, about 8.7 million in 2024; the statutory insurers' association gives 8.74 million for the same year, from the private insurers' figures. Both associations put statutory insurance at about 9 in 10 people.

Sources: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health), Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung. Mitglieder, mitversicherte Angehörige und Krankenstand, Jahresdurchschnitt 2025 (KM1/13) (statutory health insurance, members and insured family members, yearly average 2025), Versicherte gesamt, 12099, read 20 October 2026. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health), Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung. Endgültige Rechnungsergebnisse 2025 (KJ1), Stand 29. Juli 2026 (statutory health insurance, final accounts for 2025), Versicherte gesamt, 09983, read 20 October 2026. GKV-Spitzenverband (the national association of statutory health insurers, a public body set up by law), Kennzahlen der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung, September 2026 (key figures of statutory health insurance, September 2026), pages 23 and 24, read 20 October 2026. Verband der Privaten Krankenversicherung (the association of private health insurers, not a government body), So funktioniert die private Krankenversicherung (the private insurers' association's page on how private insurance works), read 20 October 2026.

Air and water

Is tap water safe to drink in Germany?

Over 99 in 100 tests of tap water for germs from faeces passed in 2022, in the large supply areas that serve 89 in 100 people.

2022Tap water tests passed

Over 99 in 100 tests of tap water for germs from faeces passed, in the large supply areas

Every test passed at least 98 times in 100.

Tests of tap water that failed

  • E. coli, a germ from faeces0.03 in 100 failed
  • Enterococci, germs from faeces0.11 in 100 failed
  • Coliform bacteria1.08 in 100 failed
  • Nitrate0.03 in 100 failed
  • Lead0.42 in 100 failed
  • Arsenic0.24 in 100 failed
  • Uranium0.17 in 100 failed
  • Every test passedat least 98 in 100

Source: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit and Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), report on drinking water for 2020 to 2022, Table 10. The failed shares are Dooram's subtraction from the passed shares the report prints

See the details

Is tap water safe to drink in Germany?

Counted

Over 99 in 100 tests of tap water for germs from faeces passed in 2022, in the large supply areas that serve 89 in 100 people.

Tests of tap water that failed, in every 100, 2022

  • E. coli, a germ from faeces0.03
  • Enterococci, germs from faeces0.11
  • Coliform bacteria1.08
  • Nitrate0.03
  • Lead0.42
  • Arsenic0.24
  • Uranium0.17

The bars are stretched to show the difference: even the longest is about 1 test in 100.

Cross-checkGermany's own tests: 99.97 in 100 tests for E. coli passed, 2022, large supply areasWorld Health Organization and UNICEF: 99.9 in 100 people with safely managed water, 2024

Bundesministerium für Gesundheit and Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), report on drinking water for 2020 to 2022, Table 10. The failed shares are Dooram's subtraction from the passed shares the report prints

The agency lets its data be reused if it is named in the source line and any change is marked. The office lets its figures be reused with the source named.

Every test, with its numbers

Tests in 2022, and how many in every 100 passed, as the report prints them.

  • E. coli, a germ from faeces40 of 118,344 tests failed99.97
  • Enterococci, germs from faeces78 of 72,838 tests failed99.89
  • Coliform bacteria1,273 of 118,066 tests failed98.92
  • Nitrate6 of 18,843 tests failed99.97
  • Lead61 of 14,573 tests failed99.58
  • Arsenic26 of 10,813 tests failed99.76
  • Uranium16 of 9,225 tests failed99.83

Source: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health) and Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), Bericht über die Qualität von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch, 2020 bis 2022 (report on the quality of drinking water), 2025, Table 10, pages 42 and 43 of the file.

Where tap water comes from

Water drawn by public suppliers in 2022, in every 100 litres

  • Groundwater62.5
  • Lakes and reservoirs12.3
  • Springs8.1
  • Wells beside a river8.0
  • Groundwater topped up from rivers7.8
  • Rivers1.2

99.5 in 100 people are on the public water supply. 448,805 are not (2022).

The shares are Dooram's own arithmetic from the statistical office's cubic metres and head counts.

Sources: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), the Federal Statistical Office, Öffentliche Wasserversorgung (Erhebung 32211) (public water supply, survey 32211), 2022. Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), the Federal Statistical Office, Wassereigenversorgung und -entsorgung privater Haushalte (Erhebung 32251) (households and their water, survey 32251), 2022.

About this figure

This is a share of tests, not of people. The report covers the 2,507 large supply areas, which serve 74.1 million people, 88.6 in 100 of the population.

For the two germs that come from faeces, E. coli and enterococci, over 99 in 100 tests passed. For coliform bacteria, a wider group of germs, 98.92 in 100 passed.

In 206 of the 2,507 areas, not every required test was done in 2022.

The two figures in the cross-check measure different things: one counts tests, the other people. Dooram leads with the country's own.

Sources: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health) and Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), Bericht über die Qualität von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch, 2020 bis 2022 (report on the quality of drinking water), 2025, pages 9, 17, 22, 42 and 43 of the file. WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database, read 11 October 2026.

Air and water

Is groundwater over the nitrate limit?

25.6 in 100 groundwater measuring sites in farming areas were over the nitrate limit in 2020 to 2022.

Sites over the nitrate limit

25.6 in 100 groundwater measuring sites in farming areas were over the nitrate limit, 2020 to 2022

25.6 in 100 groundwater measuring sites in farming areas were over the nitrate limit, 2020 to 2022. Sites over 50 milligrams of nitrate in a litre, of the 679 sites in the EU nitrate network
  • 25.6 in 100Sites over 50 milligrams of nitrate in a litre, of the 679 sites in the EU nitrate network
  • The rest: 74.4

Source: Federal environment and agriculture ministries, Nitratbericht 2024 (Nitrate Report 2024), for 2020 to 2022

See the details

Nitrate in groundwater under farmland in Germany

Counted

25.6 in 100 groundwater measuring sites in farming areas were over the nitrate limit in 2020 to 2022.

Sites over 50 milligrams of nitrate in a litre, of the 679 sites in the EU nitrate network

The environment agency says of these sites:

„Die Nitratbelastung des Grundwassers an den überwiegend landwirtschaftlich beeinflussten Messstellen ist jedoch weiterhin zu hoch und der beobachtete Rückgang ist nicht ausreichend.“

In English, Dooram's translation: “The nitrate load in groundwater at the measuring sites mainly influenced by farming is, however, still too high, and the fall observed is not enough.”

  • Tap water over the nitrate limitTests in 2022, large supply areas0.03 in 100

Federal environment and agriculture ministries, Nitratbericht 2024 (Nitrate Report 2024), for 2020 to 2022

The agency lets its data be reused if it is named in the source line and any change is marked.

About this figure

The EU nitrate network (EU-Nitratmessnetz) is 679 sites chosen to watch what farming does to groundwater. It is not all of Germany's groundwater, so this does not say that a quarter of it is over the limit.

In the round of measuring before this one, 26.6 in 100 of the network's sites were over the limit.

Groundwater is not tap water. The tap water figure is a share of the tests done on the water people are supplied with.

Dooram gives no cause of any illness here. It repeats what a named authority has said, in its words.

Sources: Bundesministerium für Umwelt and Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft (the federal environment and agriculture ministries), Nitratbericht 2024 (Nitrate Report 2024), pages 8 and 16 of the file. Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), FAQs zu Nitrat im Grund- und Trinkwasser (questions and answers on nitrate in groundwater and drinking water), read 11 October 2026. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health) and Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), Bericht über die Qualität von Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch, 2020 bis 2022 (report on the quality of drinking water), 2025, Table 10, page 43 of the file.

Air and water

Is the air clean in Germany?

Fine particles in city air have nearly halved since 2010. No station is over the European limit; 98 in 100 are over the World Health Organization guideline.

Stations over the guideline

98 in 100 stations are over the World Health Organization guideline for fine particles

8.9: under the European limit of 25; over the World Health Organization guideline of 5. Fine particles, micrograms in a cubic metre of air, over a year

8.9Measured in 2023 to 2025 · micrograms in a cubic metre of air

  • Under the European limit, 25
  • Over World Health Organization guideline, 5

Other readings: Measured in 2010, 16.4.

Source: Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), Luftqualität 2025 (Air quality 2025, first results), February 2026

See the details

Air quality in Germany

Counted

Fine particles in city air have nearly halved since 2010. No station is over the European limit; 98 in 100 are over the World Health Organization guideline.

Fine particles, micrograms in a cubic metre of air, over a year

  • Measured in 201016.4
  • Measured in 2023 to 20258.9
  • The European limit25
  • World Health Organization guideline5
  • Stations over the European limitFine particles, 2025None
  • Stations over the World Health Organization guidelineFine particles, 2025, of just under 300 stations98 in 100

Cross-checkGermany's own measurement: 8.9 at chosen city stations, 2023 to 2025World Health Organization estimate: 8.7 for the whole country, 2023

Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), Luftqualität 2025 (Air quality 2025, first results), February 2026

The agency lets its data be reused if it is named in the source line and any change is marked.

About this figure

The measured figure is the agency's own indicator: the average over three years at chosen stations in cities, away from busy roads. It is not an average for the whole country, and the newest value is a first result that may change.

Of the European limit, which has stood at 25 since 2015, the agency says:

„In Deutschland wurde dieser Wert seitdem und auch 2025 nicht überschritten.“

In English, Dooram's translation: “In Germany this value has not been exceeded since then, nor in 2025.”

For another pollutant, nitrogen dioxide, no station was over the European limit in 2025 either, and 77 in 100 were over the World Health Organization guideline.

The guideline is advice on what is healthy; the limit is the law. The worldwide estimate comes from a model of the whole country, which is why it differs. Dooram leads with what was measured.

Sources: Umweltbundesamt (Federal Environment Agency), Luftqualität 2025. Vorläufige Auswertung (Air quality 2025, first results), 2026, Table 4, pages 13 to 16 and 31 of the file. World Health Organization, United Nations Statistics Division, SDG Global Database, read 11 October 2026.

Dooram informs; it does not give medical advice. Every figure names who published it and when.

Spot a wrong figure? Tell us